Are Boys Better at Maths and Science and Girls Better at English?

For generations, there has been a widely accepted belief that boys are naturally better at maths and science, while girls excel in English and the humanities. This stereotype has persisted in classrooms, workplaces, and even within family dynamics. But where does this idea come from, and more importantly, is there any truth to it? 

To ensure children get the best education and opportunities as they go through school and life, it’s important to understand the truth behind these beliefs, why they persist and explore how we can foster an environment where all children receive a well-rounded education.

The Origins of the Stereotype

The interesting thing about the idea that boys and girls have different academic strengths is that it’s prevalent in different cultures and countries all around the world - including Australia. Historically, societal expectations have played a significant role in shaping these perceptions. Boys have traditionally been encouraged to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), while girls have often been steered towards the arts and humanities.

Educational structures have also contributed to these stereotypes. Decades ago, boys were more likely to receive encouragement in technical and logical fields, whereas girls were expected to excel in subjects that required communication and empathy. Even now, subtle messaging in classrooms, textbooks, and media can reinforce these ideas.

Because we’ve all been raised with these (not so) subtle expectations, we can also unconsciously enforce them on others, including our own children! Studies suggest that parents tend to describe their sons as "logical" or "problem-solvers" and their daughters as "creative" or "good communicators." While well-intentioned, these descriptions can shape children’s self-perception and influence their confidence in certain subjects.

Is There Any Truth to the Claim?

The short answer is no—there is no inherent difference in boys' and girls' ability to succeed in maths, science, or English. Research has consistently shown that differences in academic achievement are largely due to environmental factors rather than innate ability.

While there are some small differences in brain development between boys and girls, they do not dictate intellectual capabilities in particular subjects. Research indicates that boys and girls develop cognitive skills at slightly different rates during early childhood, but these differences even out by adolescence. Any gaps in performance tend to be driven by social influences rather than biological ones.

Achievement in Schools - What Does Testing Say?

In Australia, data from NAPLAN (National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy) suggests that boys and girls perform similarly in maths during primary school. However, as students reach high school, gender disparities emerge—often due to differences in confidence and engagement rather than actual ability.

For example, research shows that girls often underestimate their ability in maths and science, even when they achieve high results. This lack of confidence can discourage them from continuing with STEM subjects in later years. 

In English, girls typically perform better than boys in reading and writing assessments. This is partly attributed to the fact that girls tend to develop verbal and literacy skills slightly earlier than boys. However, with the right support and encouragement, boys can excel in English just as well as their female peers.

How To Ensure a Well-Rounded Education

Regardless of gender, every child deserves the opportunity to explore a variety of subjects and develop confidence in their abilities. Here are some ways to help break down these outdated stereotypes and support their child’s learning journey:

1. Encourage a Growth Mindset

When children believe in their ability to improve, they are more likely to succeed. Children should be encouraged to see challenges as opportunities to grow rather than signs of failure. Praise for effort and persistence is just as important as praise for natural ability.

2. Provide Diverse Learning Experiences

Children who are exposed to a wide range of learning activities can naturally progress in areas that align with their interests and passions. Encouraging children and providing them the opportunities and tools to explore subjects that most interest them will improve their likelihood of success.

3. Challenge Gender Stereotypes

Avoid reinforcing gendered expectations in subtle ways. For example, ensure that household conversations do not suggest that maths is harder for girls or that reading isn’t something boys enjoy. Encourage all children to engage in discussions about science, literature, and creative expression.

4. Provide Positive Role Models

They say you can’t become what you can’t see, so introducing children to diverse role models in various fields can be a game changer. Sharing examples and stories of female scientists, engineers, and mathematicians, as well as male authors, poets, and historians can inspire children to pursue their interests without hesitation.

5. Use Tutoring To Bridge the Gap

One of the most effective ways to ensure a well-rounded education is through personalised learning support, such as tutoring. Tutoring can be particularly beneficial in overcoming gender-based confidence gaps and providing targeted help where needed. 

The biggest benefits of tutoring is the personalisation, which isn’t possible in many classrooms. Tutoring can be designed to help in a particular area, general education or for a particular goal (for example, scholarship tutoring can raise confidence across all subjects tested in scholarship exams.) Similarly, HSC English tutoring or engaging IB online tutor can help bring up male participation and achievement in areas where girls have largely dominated. 

Encouraging Gender-Neutral Learning & Achievements

The idea that boys are naturally better at maths and science while girls excel in English is a myth rooted in societal expectations rather than fact. Every child is unique, with their own strengths, interests, and potential. And both parents and educators have a responsibility to nurture a love of learning in all children, free from gendered expectations.

By fostering a growth mindset, providing diverse learning experiences, and ensuring children receive the right support—whether at home, in school, or through tutoring—we can help every student reach their full potential. In doing so, we move towards a future where all children, regardless of gender, feel confident and capable in any subject they choose to pursue.